Table of Contents
First, create a bridge device. Edit the script bridge.sh
:
#!/usr/bin/ksh # Configure a bridge device to use with qemu # Bridged interface if=eth0 # Bridge name bridge=br0 # Bridge network address=192.168.1.7 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.1.1 broadcast=192.168.1.255 case $1 in start) print "Configure $bridge bridge..." brctl addbr $bridge print "Add $if on $bridge..." brctl addif $bridge $if print "Activating promiscuous mode on $if..." ip addr flush dev $if ip link set $if promisc on ip link set up dev $if print "IP address on $bridge..." ip addr add $address/$netmask broadcast $broadcast dev $bridge ip link set $bridge up print "Set default route..." ip route add default via $gateway ;; stop) ip link set $bridge down brctl delbr $bridge ip addr flush dev $if ip link set $if promisc off ip link set down dev $if ;; *) print -u2 "usage: $0 start|stop" exit 1 ;; esac exit 0
Run the script to create the bridge:
./bridge.sh start
Then, edit the script that will add the qemu tap device on the bridge (/etc/qemu-ifup
):
#!/usr/bin/ksh tap=$1 bridge=br0 # put the $tap interface up ip link set up dev $tap # adding $tap to bridge interface $bridge... brctl addif $bridge $tap exit 0
You can now run qemu with tap network interfaces.
This is the command to launch Qemu with the previous kernel on a x86_64 plateform with a vnc output:
qemu-system-x86_64 \ -snapshot \ -curses \ -no-kqemu \ -hda /dev/sda \ -kernel /usr/src/linux-2.6.26.5/arch/x86/boot/bzImage \ -append "root=/dev/hda1" \ -vnc www.gnuwakes.org:0
Explanation:
-snapshot Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case, the raw disk image you use is not written back. -hda file -hdb file -hdc file -hdd file Use file as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image. -vnc d Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, you can have QEMU listen on VNC display d and redirect the VGA display over the VNC session. -kernel bzImage Use bzImage as kernel image. -append cmdline Use cmdline as kernel command line "root=/dev/hda1" ==> /dev/sda1 (if physical disk is SATA) -initrd file Use file as initial ram disk.
To launch Qemu on an x86 compatible architecture without kqemu, on a physical disk image with the newly compiled kernel:
qemu \ -no-kqemu \ -hda /dev/sda \ -kernel /usr/src/linux-2.6.26.5/arch/x86/boot/bzImage \ -append "root=/dev/hda1"
Pay attention to the file /etc/fstab
when trying to boot on a physical partition. The root device with Qemu is always an hda device (ie /dev/hda1
), but on your machine it can be something else, like /dev/sda1
. Example of /etc/fstab
when booting your physical machine:
# cat /etc/fstab /dev/sda1 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
When booting with Qemu, it must seem like this:
# cat /etc/fstab /dev/hda1 / ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
To run Qemu with a bridged network and VNC, run:
#!/usr/bin/ksh root=/wakes/vm image=$root/devlab.img pidfile=$root/devlab.pid memory=128 tap=tap1 vnc=1 mac=52:54:00:12:34:58 case $1 in start) # with tun/tap network /usr/local/bin/qemu -daemonize -M pc -m $memory -hda $image \ -pidfile $pidfile -net nic,vlan=0,macaddr=$mac \ -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=$tap,script=/etc/qemu-ifup \ -boot c -vnc :$vnc -localtime -k fr ;; stop) kill $(cat $pidfile) rm $pidfile ;; console) vncviewer :$vnc ;; install) /usr/local/bin/qemu -M pc -m $memory -hda $image -localtime \ -net nic,vlan=0,macaddr=$mac \ -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=$tap,script=/etc/qemu-ifup \ -boot d -cdrom /wakes/iso/wakes.iso -vnc :$vnc -k fr ;; esac exit 0
And without VNC:
#!/usr/bin/ksh root=$(cd $(dirname $(readlink -f $0))/..; pwd) vm_name=$(basename $0 .sh) img=$root/vmdisk/$vm_name.img pidfile=$root/vmdisk/$vm_name.pid qemu=/usr/kvm/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 mac=$(print $vm_name | md5sum | \ sed 's/^\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\).*$/52:54:\1:\2:\3:\4/') [ ! -f "$img" ] && qemu-img create $img 10G case $1 in install) $qemu -boot d -hda $img \ -cdrom $root/iso/wakes-alpha1-001-i386.iso ;; start) $qemu -boot c -hda $img -pidfile $pidfile \ -net nic,vlan=0,macaddr=$mac \ -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=$vm_name,script=/etc/qemu-ifup ;; stop) kill $(cat $pidfile) rm $pidfile ;; *) print -u2 "usage: $0 install|start|stop" exit 1 ;; esac exit 0
Comment out the following lines in
/scripts/init-top/console_setup
in initrd:
if [ -f /etc/console-setup/boottime.kmap.gz ] && type loadkeys >/dev/null; then eval loadkeys /etc/console-setup/boottime.kmap.gz $verbose fi
#!/usr/bin/ksh root=$(cd $(dirname $(readlink -f $0))/..; pwd) wakes=/windows/perso/wakes mem=512 vm_name=$(basename $0 .sh) img=$wakes/vmdisk/$vm_name.img pidfile=$wakes/vmdisk/$vm_name.pid qemu=/usr/kvm/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 cdrom=$wakes/iso/wakes-full-alpha1-???-i386.iso mac=$(print $vm_name | md5sum | \ sed 's/^\(..\)\(..\)\(..\)\(..\).*$/52:54:\1:\2:\3:\4/') [ ! -f "$img" ] && qemu-img create $img 10G case $1 in install) $qemu -name $vm_name -boot once=d -hda $img -cdrom $cdrom ;; start) $qemu -name $vm_name -boot c -hda $img -pidfile $pidfile -cdrom $cdrom \ -net nic,vlan=0,macaddr=$mac -m $mem -vga vmware -k fr \ -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=$vm_name,script=/etc/qemu-ifup ;; stop) kill $(cat $pidfile) rm $pidfile ;; ssh) xterm -T $vm_name -bg black -fg green -e \ ssh -Y -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $vm_name 2> /dev/null & ;; ncurses_start) xterm -geometry 80x25 -title "$vm_name console" -e \ $qemu -name $vm_name -boot c \ -drive file=$img,if=virtio,index=0,media=disk,boot=on \ -pidfile $pidfile -cdrom $cdrom \ -net nic,vlan=0,macaddr=$mac,model=virtio -m $mem -vga vmware -curses \ -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=$vm_name,script=/etc/qemu-ifup 2> /dev/null & ;; failsafe) xterm -geometry 80x25 -title "$vm_name console" -e \ $qemu -name $vm_name -boot c \ -drive file=$img,if=virtio,index=0,media=disk,boot=on \ -pidfile $pidfile -cdrom $cdrom \ -kernel /boot/vmlinuz-failsafe -initrd /boot/initrd-failsafe \ -append "root=/dev/mapper/rootvg-lvol0" \ -net nic,vlan=0,macaddr=$mac,model=virtio -m $mem -vga vmware -curses \ -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=$vm_name,script=/etc/qemu-ifup 2> /dev/null & ;; *) print -u2 "usage: $0 install|start|stop|ncurses_start|ssh" exit 1 ;; esac exit 0
First, create the allno.config
file. This file will be used to compile a Qemu compatible kernel.
cat << EOF > allno.config # allno.config CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y CONFIG_IDE=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE=y CONFIG_HAVE_IDE=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDISK=y CONFIG_IDE_GENERIC=y CONFIG_VIDEO_SELECT=y CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y CONFIG_MPENTIUMII=y CONFIG_SYSVIPC=y CONFIG_TMPFS=y CONFIG_IOSCHED_DEADLINE=y CONFIG_NET=y CONFIG_UNIX=y CONFIG_INET=y CONFIG_PACKET=y CONFIG_NETDEVICES=y CONFIG_IKCONFIG=y CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC=y CONFIG_IP_MULTICAST=y CONFIG_IP_MROUTE=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y CONFIG_INOTIFY=y CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER=y CONFIG_ISO9660_FS=y CONFIG_JOLIET=y CONFIG_UDF_FS=y CONFIG_UDF_NLS=y CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDECD=y CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=y EOF
Then compile the kernel.
make mrproper make allnoconfig make
Explanation:
"make config" Plain text interface. "make menuconfig" Text based color menus, radiolists & dialogs. "make xconfig" X windows (Qt) based configuration tool. "make gconfig" X windows (Gtk) based configuration tool. "make oldconfig" Default all questions based on the contents of your existing ./.config file and asking about new config symbols. "make silentoldconfig" Like above, but avoids cluttering the screen with questions already answered. "make defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default symbol values from arch/$ARCH/defconfig. "make allyesconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to 'y' as much as possible. "make allmodconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to 'm' as much as possible. "make allnoconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to 'n' as much as possible. "make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to random values. The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can also use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG to specify a filename that contains config options that the user requires to be set to a specific value. If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=filename is not used, "make *config" checks for a file named "all{yes/mod/no/random}.config" for symbol values that are to be forced. If this file is not found, it checks for a file named "all.config" to contain forced values.
In our case, the make allnoconfig
variants will check for the file allno.config
for symbol values that are to be forced (if the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
is not used).
kernel allno.config with sda disk support:
######################################## # Executable file formats / Emulations # ######################################## # Kernel support for ELF binaries CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y ################ # File systems # ################ # Ext3 journalling file system support CONFIG_EXT3_FS=y # /proc file system support CONFIG_PROC_FS=y # Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs) CONFIG_TMPFS=y # Inotify file change notification support CONFIG_INOTIFY=y # Inotify support for userspace CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER=y # ISO 9660 CDROM file system support CONFIG_ISO9660_FS=y ############################### # Processor type and features # ############################### # Pentium-II/Celeron(pre-Coppermine) CONFIG_MPENTIUMII=y # Paravirtualized guest support CONFIG_PARAVIRT_GUEST=y # KVM Guest support CONFIG_KVM_GUEST=y # KVM paravirtualized clock CONFIG_KVM_CLOCK=y ################# # General setup # ################# # Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL=y # System V IPC CONFIG_SYSVIPC=y # Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y # Optimize for size CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=y # Kernel .config support CONFIG_IKCONFIG=y # Enable access to .config through /proc/config.gz CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC=y ########################## # Enable the block layer # ########################## # Enable the block layer CONFIG_BLOCK=y # Deadline I/O scheduler CONFIG_IOSCHED_DEADLINE=y ###################### # Networking support # ###################### # Networking support CONFIG_NET=y # Packet socket #CONFIG_PACKET=y # Unix domain sockets CONFIG_UNIX=y # TCP/IP networking CONFIG_INET=y ########################## # Bus options (PCI etc.) # ########################## # PCI support CONFIG_PCI=y ################## # Device Drivers # ################## # Block devices CONFIG_BLK_DEV=y # Virtio block driver (EXPERIMENTAL) CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=y # Network device support CONFIG_NETDEVICES=y # Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) CONFIG_NET_ETHERNET=y # EISA, VLB, PCI and on board controllers CONFIG_NET_PCI=y # RealTek RTL-8139 C+ PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support CONFIG_8139CP=y # PCI NE2000 and clones support (This driver also works for RealTek RTL-8029) CONFIG_NE2K_PCI=y # Virtio network driver (EXPERIMENTAL) CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET=y # Serial ATA (prod) and Parallel ATA (experimental) CONFIG_ATA=y # ATA SFF support (SFF is the legacy IDE interface) CONFIG_ATA_SFF=y # Intel PATA MPIIX support CONFIG_ATA_PIIX=y # SCSI device support CONFIG_SCSI=y # SCSI disk support CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD=y # SCSI CDROM support CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SR=y # Multiple devices driver support (RAID and LVM) CONFIG_MD=y # Device mapper support CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DM=y ################## # Virtualization # ################## # Virtualization CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION=y # PCI driver for virtio devices (EXPERIMENTAL) CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=y
With modules support:
# Enable loadable module support CONFIG_MODULES=y # Module unloading CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD=y ######################################## # Executable file formats / Emulations # ######################################## # Kernel support for ELF binaries CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y ################ # File systems # ################ # Ext3 journalling file system support CONFIG_EXT3_FS=m # /proc file system support CONFIG_PROC_FS=y # Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs) CONFIG_TMPFS=y # Inotify file change notification support CONFIG_INOTIFY=y # Inotify support for userspace CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER=y # ISO 9660 CDROM file system support CONFIG_ISO9660_FS=m ############################### # Processor type and features # ############################### # Pentium-II/Celeron(pre-Coppermine) CONFIG_MPENTIUMII=y # Paravirtualized guest support CONFIG_PARAVIRT_GUEST=y # KVM Guest support CONFIG_KVM_GUEST=y # KVM paravirtualized clock CONFIG_KVM_CLOCK=y ################# # General setup # ################# # Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL=y # System V IPC CONFIG_SYSVIPC=y # Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y # Optimize for size CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE=y # Kernel .config support CONFIG_IKCONFIG=y # Enable access to .config through /proc/config.gz CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC=y ########################## # Enable the block layer # ########################## # Enable the block layer CONFIG_BLOCK=y # Deadline I/O scheduler CONFIG_IOSCHED_DEADLINE=y ###################### # Networking support # ###################### # Networking support CONFIG_NET=y # Packet socket #CONFIG_PACKET=y # Unix domain sockets CONFIG_UNIX=m # TCP/IP networking CONFIG_INET=y ########################## # Bus options (PCI etc.) # ########################## # PCI support CONFIG_PCI=y ################## # Device Drivers # ################## # Block devices CONFIG_BLK_DEV=y # Virtio block driver (EXPERIMENTAL) CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=m # Network device support CONFIG_NETDEVICES=y # Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) CONFIG_NET_ETHERNET=y # EISA, VLB, PCI and on board controllers CONFIG_NET_PCI=y # RealTek RTL-8139 C+ PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter support CONFIG_8139CP=m # PCI NE2000 and clones support (This driver also works for RealTek RTL-8029) CONFIG_NE2K_PCI=m # Virtio network driver (EXPERIMENTAL) CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET=m # Serial ATA (prod) and Parallel ATA (experimental) CONFIG_ATA=m # ATA SFF support (SFF is the legacy IDE interface) CONFIG_ATA_SFF=y # Intel PATA MPIIX support CONFIG_ATA_PIIX=m # SCSI device support CONFIG_SCSI=m # SCSI disk support CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SD=m # SCSI CDROM support CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SR=m # Multiple devices driver support (RAID and LVM) CONFIG_MD=y # Device mapper support CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DM=m ################## # Virtualization # ################## # Virtualization CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION=y # PCI driver for virtio devices (EXPERIMENTAL) CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=m